Ultra high frequency device with conical collector



Sept. 15, 1.942- I -l. E. MlouRoMlrsEFr-f ErAL ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCYDEVICE WITH CONICAL COLLECTOR Filed oct., 25. 1940 Patented Sept. 15,1942 UNITED STATES ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY DEVICE WITH CONICAL COLLECTORIlia E. lllouromtseil', Montclair, and George M.

Dinnlck, Bloomfield,

inghouse Electric & Manufacturing East Pittsburgh, Pa., vania N. J.,assigner: to West- Y Company. a corporation of Pennsyl- ApplicatlonOctober Z5, 1940, Serial No. 362,776

7 Claims.

Our invention relates to ultra-high frequency apparatus, and especiallyto apparatus utilizing a hollow body resonator.

Recent developments in ultra-high frequency apparatus have included thetype utilizing a hollow body resonator. The form of hollow bodyresonator found especially suitable, has been that of two closely spacedperforated surfaces forming the central portion of a doughnut shapedcontainer. One of the forms of this type of hollow body resonator hasbeen put on the market, and designated by the trade name of Rhumbatron."

A combination of two of thesev Rhumbatrons has been utilized between acathode and a collector, in which the first hollow body resonator isutilized to bunch the stream of electrons from the cathode, and thesecond hollow body resonator is utilized throughout to absorb energyfrom the bunched electron stream, and has been called a catcher. Theenergy absorbed by the second hollow body resonator is, of course, fedinto a suitable output circuit or antenna.

One of the particular types of apparatus utilizing such a combination ofhollow body resonators, has been put on the market under` the trade nameof Klystron f Certain specific forms of types of ultra-high frequencyutilizing hollow body resonators, have been described in our copendingapplications, Serial No. 360,367,.led October 9, 1940, for Ultra-highfrequency oscillator," and in Serial No. 360,366, filed October 9, 1940,for Tuning device, now Patent Number 2,263,184, of No vember 18, 1941.

It is one of the objects of our present invention to improve theoperation and the eiliciency of an ultra-high frequency device utilizingone or more hollow bodyresonators.

Another object of our invention is to provide means for concentratingthe electron stream to the openings in a hollow body resonator.

A furtherobject ofl our invention is to prevent over-heating in one spotof the collector by the electron stream acted upon by a hollow bodyresonator.

A still further object of the invention is to' provide better control ofthe oscillations in the hollow body resonator, and specifically toaccomplish thisby external feed-back loops between the resonators. A,

A still further object of the invention is to provide a structure whichmay utilize' other metals besides copper.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will'be apparent from thefollowing description Figure 2 is a sectional view on lines II-II ofFigure 1.

In Figure 1 we have disclosed our discharge device especially adapted toproduce ultra-high frequencies. We provide at one end of such a tube acathode I0, which is preferably in the form of a slotted plate with bentback full ends l l and l2, connected to two conductors I3 and It, sealedthrough a press I5 oi insulation, preferably or" borosilicate glass. Theinsulation forming this press is preferably of a re-entrant shape,lhaving its cylinder edge I6 sealed to a cylinder Il. This metal cylindermay be of copper or a nickel-cobalt-iron alloy known under trade name ofKovar. This cylinder encloses the cathode and inside this cylinder, vwepreferably provide a smaller cylinder I8 of molybdenum or nickel. Thiscylinder has an independent lead I9 sealed through the vpress l5, and avoltage in the 20 neighborhoodof 100 volts is applied to this cylinderit in order to concentrate the electron stream and direct it towards theother' end of the enclosing cylinder .I'|.

The other end of this cylinder Il is attached, as by' welding, brazingor soldering, or'may be integral with the upper central rim 20 of adoughnut shaped hollow body 2|. This hollow body has a central rim 22,slightly spaced from the upper central rim 20. Preferably these rims 2liand 22 are spaced approximately at'the vertical axis of the hollow body2 I.

A perforated plate 23 extends across this rim 2i! and a similar plate 24extends across the space formed by the rim 22. A second cylinder 25 isattached to the rim 22, and extends to a rim 26 of a second hollow bodyresonator 2li, similar in form to that of tl and having a central rim i8likewise spaced slightly from the rim 2B and a perforated plate 29extending across the rim 2t having a similar rim extending across therim 2li.

An enclosure 3l surrounds the openings in the perforated plate 30. Thisenclosure is prei-I erably conical in form with gently tapered sidesextending to an apex 32. This conical enclosure 3l with its baseenclosing the openings 30, v acts as the electron collector of thedischarge de-g vice.

The gently tapered slides oi the conical col- 50 lector provide anextended surface for the lmpingement of electrons thereon and the extentand slope of this surface is such that the electrons cannot concentrateupon one local spot and overheat. Furthermore the electrons hit thesides of the collector at such a very acute angle that secondary orreflected primary elec-V trons will continue on towards the apex 32 andwill not interfere with electrons emerging from the exit opening 3l. A60 The cooling means 33 may be applied to this lill , sheath ',we preferto feed back energy from the second resonator 21 to the resonator 2l.Our invention specifically concerns making an adjustable externalfeed-back arrangement between these two electrodes. A loop 35 in thefirst resonator is attached to the casing and its other end has aconductor -36 extending through a cylindrical flange 31 sealed off withinsulation 38. The other end of this conductor 36 forms a loop 39, whoseother end 4t is connected with the cylindrical flange.

The resonator 3l has a similar loop iii, conductor 42, flange 43,insulation it, loop i5 and end 46. These external loops te and 55 arepreferably connected by a transmission line in the form of a exiblecylinder il with a central axial conductor i8 therethrough, with endloops 49 and 5Fl attached to the exible cylinder ll.

The distance between the coupling loops 39 and 49, as well as t5 and5i), is adjustable, and these loops may be held in their adjustedposition by any suitable supporting means.

The spacing between the external loops, as well as the length of thetransmission line, will control vthe feedback line and its phase.

The form of output to an exterior transmission line or antenna, can bethat shown in connection with the hollow body resonator. `The form ofoutput disclosed in the lower left hand portion of 'the second resonatoris disclosed to illustrate a possible variation in the form oftransmission connections. This output connection is a loop 5l attachedto the interior casing of the resonator and has special advantages. Thisoutput connection is a loop 5i attached to the interior casing of the"resonator and has a central conductor 52 passing axially through acylindrical ange 53 of the resonator.' The conductor 52 passing throughthis cylindrical flange 55 is -enclosed by a tight fitting cylindercopper Insulation 55 is sealed to this copper sheath and fills the openend of the cylinder extension 55. A concentric pipe transmission line orantenna can be connected to the cylindrical flange 53 and the conductor52.

The particular form of our discharge device permits the use of othermaterials besides that of copper, which has heretofore been used in suchconstruction. The hollow body resonator can be made of cold rolled steelby symmetrical spinning or other similar strong material which permitsresistance welding. In order to make the magnetic and high electricalresistivity of this steel harmless, the current-carrying surfaces can hesilver or copper plated. The use of cold rolled steel permits theflexing of the walls without damage.

If it is necessary to utilize adjusting means, such as described in ourcopending application on Tuning device, above referred to, the use ofthis steel or `other strong material permits the welding thereto ofportions of thecasing of nickel-cobalt-iron alloy, sold under the tradename of Kovar, which is so successful in maintaining a vacuum-tight sealwith borosilicate glass. of Kovar is especially adapted for the cylinderl1 and the circular flanges 31, 43 and 53.

This alloy, sold under the trade name' It is apparent that manymodifications may be .made in the particular form, structure andcombination of the elements disclosed in the preferred embodimentillustrated on the drawing and, accordingly, we desire only suchlimita.- tions to be imposed upon our invention as is necessitated bythe spirit and scope of the following claims.

We claim:

l. A resonator structure comprising a hollowbody resonator havingopenings therethrough for the passage of electrons, and a 'hollow co1-lector adjacent thereto, said collector being coni cal in shape with itsapex at its end remote from said resonator.

2. A discharge device comprising a cathode, a hollow body resonatorhaving entrance and exit openings therethrough for the passage ofelectrons, an extension of said resonator surrounding said exitopenings, said extension having a tapered closed end.

3. A discharge device comprising a cathode, a hollow body resonatorhaving entrance and exit openingsv for electrons, and a conical electroncollector having its base completely surrounding the exit openings insaid hollow body resonator for preventing lateral escape of electronswhich pass through said exit openings.

4. A discharge device comprising a hollow bcdy resonator having openingsfor the passage of electrons therethrough and an electron collectorhaving its sides constituting an electronintercepting surface of whichthe part nearest said openings forms an angle of incidence greater than45 to the path of electrons emerging through said openings that theelectrons will not tendtoconcentrate on'a local spot of saidcollector'and on reflecting therefrom will continue in a generallyforward direction.

5. A discharge device comprising a hollow body resonator having twoparallel spaced input `and exit openings for the passage of electronsing an electron-intercepting surface of which the part nearest saidopenings forms an angle of incidence greater than 45 to the, path ofelec,

trons emerging from said resonator that the electrons are scattered overthe surface of said collector and on reflecting therefrom will continuein a generally forward direction.

,7. A discharge device comprising av hollow body resonator having twoparallel spaced input and exit openings for the passage of electronstherethrough and having a hollow surface collector means, adjacent saidresonator, the perimeter of whose cross-section is closed and at a veryacute angle to the direction of said electrons as thel7 pass out of theexit opening of said hollow body resonator.

ILIA E. MOUROMTSEFF. GEORGE M. DINNICK.

